This occurs when a fracture does not heal properly or takes longer than expected to heal. It can cause pain, instability, and limit bone function.
The most common causes include:
● Insufficient stability at the fracture site ● Poor blood supply ● Infection at the fracture site ● Medical conditions such as osteoporosis or diabetes ● Smoking or the use of certain medications
Treatment of nonunion is usually surgicaland may involve different techniques, such as; Internal fixation (using plates, screws, or nails to stabilize the bone and promote healing), Surgical debridement (removal of nonviable or infected tissue in cases of infected nonunion) Realignment or correction of rotation or deformity if bone fragments are malpositioned Bone grafting (using bone from another part of the body or substitutes to stimulate bone formation)
In selected cases, non-surgical (conservative)
treatment may be considered, such as immobilization or stimulation with ultrasound or electromagnetic fields.
